Julia Kristeva holds that the fact that Jesus was “condemned as a rebel, even as a criminal, subjected to crucifixion, the most shameful of chastisements”, is the root of so many European ethical intuitions and cultural forms that “we no longer even think of referring [them] back to Jesus”.
– – J. Kristeva, This Incredible Need to Believe, trans. B. B. Brahic (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 90.
D. L. Dusenbury 